Wing for aircraft



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WING FOR AIRCRAFT Filed May 18, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Y ATITAQU y a? [T 1 m M 3 2L 7 1 wm I {Am/w LU z AW AW L Svweukozo Q.

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Nov. 11, 1930.' E. B; CARNS WING FOR AIRCRAFT Filed May 18 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 H" I II I Nova 11, 1930. V E. B. CARNS 1,781,159

I WING FOR AIRCRAFT Filed May 18, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 [mlllllll' Patented Nov. 11, 1930 umTEDsTATEs PATENT OFFICE EDMUND B. cARNs, or New YORK, N. Y., Assroz'ton TO CAIRNS nnvmorunmr con- PANY, or WILMINGTON, DELAWARE, A conroaA'rIoN or DELAWARE WING roa i Application filed m 1s,

duce a wing which can be made of light materials and to shape and dispose these mate rials so that the wing parts can be easily assembled and to the end that the assembled parts will properly brace the wing. The invention is further intended to produce a wing along the lines indicated which can be very readily made of; the conventional or any preferred shape or;contour.

' Referen'ce'is to be-h adto the Figure 1 is a cross section of the embodying my invention.

Figure 3 is an enlarged detail perspective andarib. Figure 4 is a broken detail perspective of a rib and its connections,

Figure '5 is a broken side elevation of a rib audits connections.

Figure 6. is a cross 'se'cti' non, line 66 of Figure 5. I v Figure 7 is a broken perspective view showing a preferred form of bridging or bracing between the spars.

Figure 8 is a broken plan view of a bay between two spars'showm'g the bridging.

Figure 9 is a broken detail partly in section. showing'a means of connecting the bridge work or bracing between the spars and Figure 10 is a sectional plan of the structure shown in Figure 9.

Figure 10" is a detail. The wing is provided with spars 10 which showing the connection of the sparineinber's" the web members 12 and between the ends accompanying drawings forming apart of this specificas'x tion, in which similar reference characters; indicate corresponding parts in all the views;

is a broken plan "wing, v

' i outer sides of the webs 12 while a single strut AIBCRAM 1927. Serial No. 192,244.

can be of any desired number and which as usual run from one end of the wing to the other. These spars are made of separable parts which. however, canbe easily assembled to form complete spars. Each. spar has at.

the top and bottom similar Ts of metal comupper spar member will be uppermost while the lower spar member will be reversed as shown in Figure 3. These upper and lower members are united and rigidly spaced by struts 13 which are preferably though not;

necessarily of tubular metal with the end portions flattened as at 14 so as to lie snug against thefpart of the spar members against Wh'ichQY-t-he struts fit. The struts are diagon allyjarr-anged as the drawings show and at the 'en'ds each strutis cut ofl at an angle as I 'showniatlo's'o that the endwill lie fiat against "ajflange 11 of aspar member while the sides will-"lie flat against the web 12 of said membe The struts are disposed singly and [,in-pai'rs' as shown in Figure 3. That is to say, a pair of struts will be connected to the will extend at another angle as the drawing clearly shows and its ends will enter between of an adjacent pair of struts so that a single bolt 16 or equivalent fastening member can be passed through the end portions of the three converging struts and serve to fasten all three securely'in place. This makes a compact and strong arrangement and there is not very much strain on the bolt, by reason of the manner in which the end portions 15 of the struts abut with flange portions 110i the spar members.

The spars taper from the center toward 7 the ends and the flanges and webs of the Ts which form a part of them should also be similarly tapered.

The spars are traversed by ribs 17 which are arranged on the outer sides, that is the upper and lower edges of the spars and these ribs are shaped to the desired contour of the wing. Each. rib is in the form of an inverted U-shape channel and has its edges inturned as at 18 so that these flanges forma seat to rest snugly against the spar members and the also act to give great additional rigidity to the ribs. I

Where the ribs contact with the spar membars the are provided with flanges 19 which fit snugly against the spars and the flanges and ribs may be fastened by screws 20 or they ma be riveted, welded or otherwise secured. e ribs 17 are also braced by struts 21 which are arranged cantilever fashion as in Figure 1 and are of the same construction as the struts 13 already described. The flattened ends 21 of these struts enter the ribs 17 which they connect and they are fastened in place by bolts 23 or the like. To the rib edges are flanges 22 which are turned outwards at" right angles as at 25 so that they may form a convenient connection with the drift rods or longitudinal braces 26 which extend from rib to rib as in Figure 2 and like the struts 13 and 21 are preferably tubular in cross section with flattened ends 27 adapted to lie on the flanges 25 as in Figure 6 to which they may be fastened by bolts 28 or by equivalent fastening means.

I prefer to brace the wing between the spars by the bridge work or bracing shown in Figures 7 to 10. As here illustrated, the

, braces comprise a triangular bridge work .30

comprising a plurality of cross rods and individual braces which comprise a single unit.

Each of these units consist of spaced rods 31' which are preferably tubular and to provide for conveniently connecting them, the bolts 16 which havebeen heretofore referred to, can enter the socketed' ends of the rods 31 as shown at 29 in Figure 9 and it will be noted that these tubular rods 31 are disposed so that the upper rod will align with a bolt 16 on the upper s ar member while the two lower rods 31 wil be aligned with spaced bolts 16' on the lower spar member. The-rods 31 are connected by diagonal braces 33 and 34 to give the bridge or structure as a whole the desired stifinessand still-retain a skeleton formation which makes it light. The tubular rods 31 where they connect with the bolts 16 can be fastened by screw bolts 32 or the like. In connection with this structure I also prefer to attach drift rods 265, so that they will extend diagonally between the spar members 7 as shown in Figure 8. A convenient way of effecting the attachment is to provide clips 35 of angular shape which are fastened at their centers on bolts 16 and which have arms 37 extending in line with the drift rods 26' and the arms can be provided with eyes 38 to facilitate their attachment to the arms. p

While a lighter type of wing can be made without the bridging 30 as shown in Figures 1 and 2, still if the wing is to be of substan- 'with upper and lower T mem split webs, diagonally disposed struts con' tial size, I prefer to use the bridge work bracing as it greatly stiifens the wing.

It will be noted that the parts from which my improved structure is made are all sub- -be economically produced in a quantative way.

I claim:

1. A wing for air craft having spars each i comprising upper and lower Ts with split webs opening nwardly, and diagonally disposed struts connecting the Ts, the struts being disposed alternately in pairs and singly with the single strut entering and fittingsnugly between the web members of the Ts and with the other struts straddling said web members.

2. A wing for air craft havin spars each rs having necting the Ts with alternate strut members arranged in pairs and singly with the single strut entering between the webs of the Ts and the strut pairs straddling theweb, and a single fastening element securing the single strut and the airs of struts-to the webs.

3. A wing or air craft having spars each composed of upper and lower T members with split webs, and 'diagonallv disposed struts connecting the said T members, the struts being arranged alternately in pairs and singly with the strut ends fitting against the flanges of the Ts and against the sides of the webs the pairs of struts straddling the T,

webs and the single struts entering between the Ts, and single fastening elements extending through the converging strut ends,

and the connecting T webs. I

4. In a wing for air-craft, the combination with the spars, of sk'eleton bridge work connecting the spars, each connecting bridge 'workcomprising a triangular structure having rods at the angles, and diagonal braces connecting the several rods.

In test mony whereof, I have signed my name 'to this sfxgcification this 13th day of May ,1927.

- EDMUND B. CARNS.

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